Canada Goose  Branta canadensis

A very common Illinois bird, the Canada goose comes in many sizes.  Ranging from 22-25 inches long and weighing no more than 4 lbs., as in the cackling Canada goose, to the giant Canada goose which may be 45-48 inches long and weigh up to 24 lbs.

Often recognized by its characteristic "V" flight pattern, these birds are seen traveling at all times of year; but are especially active during fall and early spring migrations.  These traveling groups are typically relatives, including mated pairs, young birds, and single adults, and are respectful of an internal social order.  Within each family, it is normally the female who leads flight and the males who bring up the rear.
  
Migration is as much a family affair as eating, and families will typically migrate together.  Young geese will fly with their parents for almost an entire year, before separating to start their own families.  As goslings, they spend much of their time forming bonds and reinforcing social order among family members.

Canada geese will mate for life, and lay their eggs in early March.  Shortly after breeding season, the adult geese will lose their flight and tail feathers in molt.  Nature has timed the yearly molt perfectly however, because just as the goslings are learning to fly, the parents have grown in new flight feathers, and are ready to fly as well.   
  
When observing a flock of geese, one cannot help but notice the amount of “talking” that takes place.  These calls alert the group to danger or other situations.  It is estimated that Canada geese have 10 or more distinct vocalizations.  If a flock of geese is confronted with danger, all will depart post-haste.  Whether on land, or in the water, Canada geese will use their powerful webbed feet and large wings to hoist them into the air with seemingly little effort, and usually return when the threat of danger ceases.